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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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D 
D 


D 


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Couverture  endommag^e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
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I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


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D 
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□ 


D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
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Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

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Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 


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Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6X.6  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fa9on  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


The  c< 
to  the 


The  in 
possib 
of  the 
filmin 


Origin 
beginr 
the  lai 
sion. 
other 
first  p 
sion, 
or  illu 


The  lai 
shall  c 
TINUE 
which) 

Maps, 

differe 

entire^ 

beginn 

right  ai 

require 

metho( 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X                             32X 

laire 
s  details 
ques  du 
It  modifier 
[iger  una 
e  filmage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
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filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  flimi  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAn6rosit6  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet*  de  Texempiaire  film6,  at  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


1/ 
u6es 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimis  sont  fiimis  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  ar'^res  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  fiimis  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — »-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbols  y  signifie  "FIN  ". 


ire 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  fM 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  fttre 
fiimis  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  11  est  fiimA  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


)y  errata 
ed  to 

mt 

ne  peiure, 

i9on  d 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

NOTE 


Jjy 


UN 


THE     SPURIOUS     LETTERS 


OK 


MONTCALM, 


1759. 


By    JUSTTX    WrXSOK 


[From   the   I'kockethngs  ok  tiii.    Mapsachusictts   Historical 
Society,  January,  1887.1 


CAMBRIDGE: 
JOHN     WILSON     AND    SON. 

1887. 


it 

t 

V 

i 

d 
a 

'J 

(] 


N  ( )  r  i: 


ON     rilK 


SPURIOUS  Li;n  Kiis  of  monk  ai.m, 


1759. 


Mil.  WiNSOK  drew  attention  to  ilie  latest  development 
respecting  the  anthorship  of  the  pretended  letters  of 
Montcalm,  in  which  he  had  predicted,  in  17-")1),  the  re- 
volt of  the  American  Colonies  in  cilse  Canada  should  he 
conquered,  and  the  French  should,  cea^e  to  exist  on 
their  hordei's  to  occu])v  the  attention  of  tliejse  EnuHsh 
colonists,      Mr.   Winsor  waid  :  — 


It  will  he  remeini)ered  that  tlie  intrrostin<:j  part  of  these 
letters  was  an  extract  from  one  i>urporiiiig  to  have  heen  written 
hy  a  French  spy  in  Boston,  si<^ned  •' S.  J.,"  wliose  views  wore 
itdopti'd  hy  Moiiteahii  in  writinjv,  An<x.  24,  1750,  onlv  a  U'w 
weeks  hefore  lii.s  di-ath,  to  M.  Mole  hi  i'liris.  Tlie  earhest 
trace  wiiich  ]  havo  foimd  oC  these  letters  is  in  I)(>eemher,  177o, 
when  Ilulohinson  says,  in  his  diary,  that  they  were  circiUatijii; 
ill  London  in  mainiscript,  and  that  he  had  no  dornt  they  were 
spurious,  ina>tnuch  as  the  condition  of  thing's  which  "  S.  J." 
desv^vihes  as  existin<T  in  Boston  in  1750  did  not  exist  there, 
and  could  not  have  heeii  chronicled  at  that  time  iis  existiiiir. 
Two  years  later  these  letters  were  printed  by  Almon,  in  Lon- 
don, in  what  purported  to  he  the  French  oiisaiiral  text,  with 
iui  Fnglish  version  adjoined.  Tlioy  were  quoted  in  Parlia- 
ment:   and    in    a   famous  dehate    on   the  American  question 


r 


1^ 


instioivlotl  by  ('luitliani,  iind  i  i  which  Shelhnnio  ('oiitendcd  for 
their  fraudulent  character,  and  Mansfield  foi  their  aiithtiu- 
ticity,  Chatham,  who  as  it  now  turns  out  knew  their  history, 
remained  hilent  on  that  point. 

After  tho  war  was  over  and  the  questio!i  of  their  authen- 
ticity was  forgotten,  some  writers  who  found  the  book  in  libra- 
ries seemed  to  have  no  diUiculty  in  accepting  the  l<;ttors  as 
genuine  ;  and  in  this  category  we  find  such  historians  as  Car- 
lyle  in  the  first  edition  of  his  "■  Frederick  liio  (ireat,'"  Mahon 
in  the  original  issue  of  his  ''  England,"  Viscount  l>ury  in  his 
"  Exodus  of  the  Western  Nations,"  and  such  writers  on  Cana- 
dian history  as  Garnf^an,  Warburton,  and  Mills,  as  well  as 
Barry  in  his  ''  Massachusetts." 

In  1800  Mr.  I'arkman  reported  to  this  Society,'  on  his 
examination  of  the  Montcalm  papers  in  France,  where  he  iiad 
foumi  a  copy  of  one  of  the  letters  in  a  handwriting  wliich  at 
that  time  wa:i  unknown  to  him.  His  conclusion,  however,  from 
interiuil  evidence  was  that  they  were  spurious.  Tn  printing 
the  letter  to  Mole  in  the  Proceedings,  Dr.  Deane,  who  was 
the  editor,  by  collating  the  several  texts  voaohed  the  conclu- 
sion that  the  original  \.vas  the  TiUglish  text,  and  not  the  pre- 
tended French,  and  inferred  from  this  that  tho  letter  could 
not  have  been  written  by  Montcalm.  The  (juestion  was  taken 
u\)  the  next  year  (187U)  by  lleiny  Stevens  in  a  long  note  in 
his  "  Bibliotheca  Ilistorica,"  in  wliich  he  came  to  a  similar 
decision. 

Altout  the  same  time  a  development  was  made  which  for 
the  first  time  connected  the  Jesuit  Koubaud  with  the  h'tters. 
Mr.  Henry  H.  Dawson  had  found  among  the  papers  of  William 
Gowans,  the  New  York  booksellei,  a  paiter  entitled  "Mr. 
Roubaud's  Deplorable  ('ase,"  and,  submitting  it  to  Dr.  John 
C»,  Shea,  that  gentleman  had  prepared  a  brief  introduction  on 
Roubai.d,  and  this  and  the  document  were  printed  in  the 
"Historical   xMagazine  "   in   November,   1870.     Kouband  was 


'  I'toc'cetliiigs,  vol.  xi.  pp.  1I2-1?8. 


<''»nteiuU'(l  lor 
tlieir  autliviM- 
their  history, 


tlic'ir  authoii- 
3  book  ill  libra- 

the  letters  as 
oriaiis  as  Car- 
jrreat,''  Malioii 
nt  JUiry  in  liis 
riters  on  Caiia- 
lls,  as   well  as 

)cioty,'  on  liis 
,  where  he  had 
'iling  which  at 

liowever,  from 
!.  Tn  printing 
•ane,  who  was 
ed  tiie  conclu- 
not  the  pre- 
0  letter  ei>nl<l 

ion  was  takon 

long  note  in 

e  to  a  similar 

uUi  which  for 
Lh  the  h'tters. 
ers  of  William 
iutitkMl  '•  Mr. 
,  to  Dr.  John 
tro'Juction  on 
rinteil  in  tlie 
IJouband  was 


a  vagabond  priest,  who  lived  by  his  wits,  and  had  l)et'n  a 
Jesuit  missionary  in  Canada,  and  during  his  career  as  such 
had  been  the  occasion  of  considerable  scandal.  After  the. 
{»eaee  of  17(53  he  seems  to  liave  wormed  his  way  into  the 
eoi'ifidence  of  General  .\[iirray,  then  commanding  for  the  Eng- 
lish in  Quebec,  and  to  luive  l)ucn  sent  —  to  acec.-  ,t  one  of  the 
versions  of  his  career  —  to  England  to  assist  t\w  liritish  min- 
istry in  adjusting  a  demand  on  the  French  GoverJimcnt,  by 
which  he  afterwards  claimed  to  have  secured  to  the  Mritish 
treasury  some  seoh  Hura  as  a  million  pounds.  At  all  events, 
we  find  him  at  this  period  in  Knglaml,  liis  religicm  idianged, 
with  a  Protestant  wife,  still  addicted  to  scandalous  living,  and 
dancing  attendance  on  the  ministry,  and  ready  to  do  any  dirty 
job  for  them  for  paj',  but  mostly  without  pay,  9,s  he  afterwards 
claimed.  This  "Deplorable  Case"  is  a  document  which  llou- 
baud  submitted  to  Lord  North,  recounting  his  services  iind 
setting  forth  his  claims  to  a  suitable  consideration.  In  this  he 
says  that  at  his  second  audience  at  Court,  after  reaching  Eng- 
land, he  put  into  his  Majesty's  ha-  s  these  letters  of  Mont- 
calm, and  at  some  subsequent  day  another  copy  of  the  same 
WHS  given  b}'  him  to  the  Queen,  for  which  she  paid  liini  twelve 
guineas  ;  and  from  this  second  copy  he  says  that  the  printed 
copy  was  made,  ''  without  my  consent  and  against  the  laws  of 
trust  :v.ul  honor  ;  "  and  one  of  his  grounds  for  compensation 
was  (hat  this  publication  exasperated  the  Court  of  Versailles 
against  him,  and  made  it  pro(;eed  to  acts  of  vengeance  uj)on 
him.  In  this  pa])er  he  says  not  a  word  against  the  genuineiifss 
of  the  letters. 

The  next  discussion  of  the  subject  was  by  Mr.  Parknian,  in 
his  recent  "■  Montcalm  and  Wolfe  "  (vol.  ii.  pj).  8J5,  32(1),  whore, 
after  depicting  the  doubtful  character  of  lioubaiid,  in  referring 
to  this  "  Deplorable  Case,"  he  cites  the  Abbe  Verreau  as  certi- 
fying that  the  copy  found  among  the  papers  of  Montcalm  was 
in  the  handwriiing  of  Roubaud,  and  as  believing  that  this  ad- 
venturer must  have  been  the  author  of  the  letters. 


L  ■    '    - 


6 

If  tho  fellow  can  be  trusted  in  direct  evidence,  lie  was  not 
the  author.  The  llultliintmd  Papers  have  been  for  nearly 
thirty  3'ears  in  the  Hritish  MuHeinn,  and  contaiji  the  secret, 
which  has  so  long  lain  undiscovered.  The  l)(>inini(ui  of  Can- 
ada, having  established  in  1872  a  Department  of  Archives,  has 
been  since  then  stocking  it  with  copies  i»f  papers  relating  to 
their  history  from  the  great  depositories  of  i-^urope.  Among 
otiier  things  they  have  had  copies  made  of  the  HaMimand 
Papers,  as  closely  touching  these  annals,  that  general  having 
been  so  long  in  Quebec,  and  for  some  years  in  command.  As 
these  copies  have  reached  Ottawa,  they  have  been  calendared 
by  Mr.  Hrymner,  the  Dominion  Arcliivist,  and  he  has  j>rinted 
this  calendar  in  successive  Annual  Reports,  which  to  most 
historical  students  have  been  buried  by  being  made  a  j)art  of 
the  Annual  Report  of  the  C'ommissioiier  of  Agriculture.  INIr. 
Brymner  fo'.ind  among  these  copies,  and  has  given  in  his  last 
report,  a  full  abstract  of  a  paper  similar  in  tendency  to  the 
already  known  ''Deplorable  Case,"'  which  he  calls  a  "Sketch 
of  Mr.  Roubaud's  ]'etition  for  the  Consideration  of  Parlia- 
ment"  (Haldimand  Coll..  1).  20G,  p.  45;  Brymner's  Report, 
1880,  p.  cxxxviii),  in  which  Ron  hand  flatly  acknowledges  the 
spuriousness  of  the  Montcalm,  letters,  and  says  they  were  writ- 
ten by  "an  Englishman,"  —  confirming  Dr.  Deane's  theory  of 
their  being  firs  written  in  English,  —  and  that  their  author 
was  intimately  known  to  Chatham,  who  it  will  he  remembered 
had  silently  sat  by  in  the  T/ords,  and  hoard  Shelburne  and 
Mansfield  dispute  over  their  authenticity.  It  is  most  probable 
that  Koubaud  made  the  French  counterpart ;  anri  I  may  add, 
in  conclusion,  that  Mr.  Brymner,  in  the  body  of  his  Report, 
has  sketched  with  considerable  detail  the  wild  and  dramatic 
career  of  this  vagabond  Roubaud. 


i 


1 1 


lu'c,  he  was  iidt 
Uev.u    for    nearly 
itain  the  secret, 
•iniiiiou  of  Can- 
of  A I  chives,  lias 
pcrs  relating  to 
!iiroi)e,     Amoni^ 
the    llaldiinatid 
general  having 
command.     As 
)een  calendared 
he  has  printed 
which  to  most 
made  a  j)art  of 
,'riculture.     Mr. 
iven  in  his  last 
:endency  to  the 
lalls  a  "Sketch 
ition  of  Parliiu 
mner's   Report, 
knowledges  the 
they  were  wril- 
3ane's  theory  of 
it   their  author 
lie  remembered 
Shelburne   find 
s  most  probable 
md  I  niiiy  add, 
of  liis  Report, 
1  and  dramatic 


i 


